Daga manyan kwalaye zuwa kananan tubalan: juyin halitta na PC a cikin shekaru da dama

Tarihin ci gaban kwakwalwa yana fitowa daga tsakiyar karni na karshe. A cikin fursunoni, masana kimiyya sun fara nazari akan yiwuwar kayan lantarki da kuma haifar da samfurori na na'urorin da suka nuna mahimmancin cigaban fasaha ta kwamfuta.

Matsayi na kwamfutar farko ya rarraba tsakanin juna ta hanyar shigarwa da yawa, kowannensu ya bayyana a kusan lokaci guda a sassa daban-daban na duniya. An saki na'urar Markus 1, wadda IBM da Howard Aiken suka tsara, a 1941 a Amurka kuma wakilan Navy sun yi amfani dashi.

A cikin layi daya da Markus 1, an ƙaddamar da na'ura ta Computer-Berry Computer. John Vincent Atanasov, wanda ya fara aiki a shekarar 1939, yana da alhakin ci gaba. An saki kwamfutar da aka kammala a shekarar 1942.

Wadannan kwakwalwa sun kasance mummunan kuma sunyi rauni, saboda haka ba za a iya amfani dashi don magance matsaloli masu tsanani ba. Sa'an nan kuma, a cikin gandun daji, 'yan mutane sunyi tunanin cewa wata rana wasu na'urori masu basira za su kasance masu dacewa kuma suna bayyana a gidajen kowa.

Kwamfutar sirri na farko shine Altair-8800, wanda aka sake dawowa a shekarar 1975. Kamfanin na MITS ya haɓaka na'urar, wanda aka kafa a Albuquerque. Kowane dan Amurka zai iya samun cikakken akwatin, saboda an sayar da ita ne kawai don kawai dala 397. Gaskiya ne, masu amfani suna da damar kawo wannan PC zuwa cikakkiyar yanayin aiki.

A 1977, duniya ta koyi game da sakin Apple II na sirri. Wannan na'urar ta bambanta ta hanyar halayen juyin juya hali a wancan lokacin, sabili da haka ya shiga tarihin masana'antu. A cikin Apple II, yana yiwuwa a gano wani mai sarrafawa tare da mita 1 MHz, 4 KB na RAM, da kuma yawan jiki. Mai saka idanu a kwamfuta na sirri yana da launi kuma yana da ƙuduri na 280x192 pixels.

Kyakkyawan madadin Apple II shine TRS-80 daga Tandy. Wannan na'ura tana da ƙirar fata da fari, 4 KB na RAM da matakan sarrafawa na 1.77 MHz. Gaskiya ne, ƙananan ƙarancin komfuta na sirri ya haifar da mummunar radiation na raƙuman ruwa wanda ya rinjayi aikin rediyo. Saboda wannan gajeren fasaha, dole ne a dakatar da tallace-tallace.

A shekarar 1985, Amiga ya ci nasara. Wannan kwamfutar ta sanye da abubuwa masu yawa: mai sarrafa na'ura 7.14 MHz daga Motorola, 128 KB na RAM, mai saka idanu wanda ke goyon bayan launuka 16, da kuma tsarin AmigaOS na kansa.

A cikin nineties, kamfanoni kamfanoni da ƙasa sun fara samar da kwakwalwa a ƙarƙashin kansu. Majalisun PC ɗinka da kuma masana'antu na masana'antu sun yada. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararren tsarin aiki a farkon shekarun haihuwa shine DOS 6.22, inda aka fi yawan shigar da mai sarrafa fayil na Norton. Kusa kusa da kome akan komfuta na sirrin Windows ya fara bayyana.

Kwararrun kwamfuta na shekarun 2000 ya fi kama da tsarin zamani. Irin wannan mutum ya bambanta ta hanyar kula da "fat" na tsarin 4: 3 da ƙuduri ba fiye da 800x600 ba, har ma majalisai a cikin kwalaye da yawa. A cikin tsarin tsari akwai yiwuwa a gano masu tafiyarwa, na'urori don kwakwalwa da kuma maɓallan classic akan kuma sake yi.


Kusa da halin yanzu, kwakwalwa na sirri suna rarraba cikin inji mai ladabi, na'urori don ofishin ko ci gaba. Mutane da yawa suna zuwa ga majalisai da kuma tsara tsarin sassan su kamar suna da gaske. Wasu kwakwalwa na sirri, kamar wuraren aiki, kawai suna jin daɗin ra'ayinsu!


Ci gaban kwakwalwa na sirri bai tsaya ba. Babu wanda zai iya kwatanta yadda PC zai duba a nan gaba. Gabatarwar gaskiyar kama-da-wane da kuma ci gaba da fasaha na fasaha zai shafi bayyanar na'urorinmu. Amma ta yaya? Ya nuna lokaci.