ƘAYYADADDUN LOKACI NA ƘWAƘWALWA

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a magance matsalolin ƙididdigar shi ne lissafin ƙayyadadden tabbacin. An yi amfani dashi azaman ƙayyadaddun tsari mai mahimmanci tare da ƙaramin samfurin. Ya kamata a lura cewa tsarin aiwatar da ƙayyadadden jituwa ta kanta yana da rikitarwa. Amma kayan aikin shirin na Excel ya sa sauƙi. Bari mu gano yadda aka aikata hakan.

Duba kuma: Ayyukan lissafi a Excel

Hanyar ƙidayar

Ana amfani da wannan hanya don kimantawar lokaci na yawan adadi da yawa. Babban aiki na wannan lissafi shine ya kawar da rashin tabbas daga kimantawar zato.

A cikin Excel, akwai manyan zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don yin lissafi ta amfani da wannan hanya: lokacin da aka sani da bambancin lokacin kuma idan ba a sani ba. A cikin akwati na farko, ana amfani da aikin don lissafi. TRUST.NORM, kuma a cikin na biyu - GASKIYA.

Hanyar hanyar 1: CONFIDENCE.NORM aiki

Mai sarrafawa TRUST.NORMwanda ya shafi ƙungiyar lissafi na ayyuka, ya fara fitowa a Excel 2010. A cikin farkon fasalin wannan shirin, ana amfani da analogue TRUST. Ayyukan wannan afaretan shine ƙididdige kwanciyar hankali tare da rarraba ta al'ada ga yawancin jama'a.

Sakamakonsa kamar haka:

= TRUST. NORMAL (alpha; standard_off; size)

"Alpha" - wata hujja ta nuna matakin muhimmancin da aka yi amfani da su don lissafta matakin amincewa. Ƙaƙarin tabbacin shine maganganun nan:

(1- "Alpha") * 100

"Bambanci na daidaituwa" - Wannan hujja ce, ainihin abin da yake bayyana daga sunan. Wannan shi ne daidaitattun daidaitattun samfurin samfurin.

"Girman" - Magana da ta ƙayyade girman samfurin.

Ana buƙatar dukan muhawarar wannan afaretan.

Yanayi TRUST Yana da daidai wannan muhawarar da yiwuwar kamar yadda ta gabata. Harshensa shine:

= KASHI (alpha; standard_off; size)

Kamar yadda kake gani, bambance-bambance ne kawai a sunan mai aiki. An bar aikin da aka ƙayyade don dacewa tare da Excel 2010 da kuma sababbin sababbin nau'i na musamman. "Kasuwanci". A cikin sassan Excel 2007 da kuma baya, yana nan a cikin babban rukuni na masu aikin kididdiga.

An ƙaddara iyakokin tsayar da tabbaci ta hanyar amfani da wannan maƙirarin:

X + (-) TRUST

Inda X - ita ce darajar samfurin, wanda aka samo a cikin tsakiyar zaɓin da aka zaba.

Yanzu bari mu dubi yadda za a lissafa kwata-kwata a kan wani misali. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje 12, saboda sakamakon da aka samo sakamakon da aka tsara a cikin tebur. Wannan shi ne cikarmu. Kuskuren misali shine 8. Muna buƙatar lissafin kwanciyar hankali a matakin amincewa da kashi 97%.

Zaɓi tantanin halitta inda za a nuna sakamakon aikin sarrafa bayanai. Danna maballin "Saka aiki".

Ya bayyana Wizard aikin. Je zuwa category "Labarin lissafi" kuma zaɓi sunan DOVERT.NORM. Bayan haka mun danna kan maballin. "Ok".

Maganin gardama ya buɗe. Hannunsa sun dace da sunayen sunayen muhawara.
Saita siginan kwamfuta a filin farko - "Alpha". Anan ya kamata mu nuna matakin muhimmancin. Kamar yadda muka tuna, matakinmu na dogara shine 97%. A lokaci guda kuma, mun ce an lasafta ta hanyar haka:
(1- "Alpha") * 100
Don haka, don ƙididdige matakin muhimmancin, wato, don ƙayyade darajar "Alpha" Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan matsala:
(1 matakin amincewa) / 100
Wato, musanya darajar, muna samun:
(1-97)/100
Ta hanyar lissafi mai sauƙi, mun gano cewa gardama "Alpha" daidai 0,03. Shigar da wannan darajar a filin.
Kamar yadda ka sani, yanayin daidaitattun daidaituwa shine 8. Saboda haka, a filin "Bambanci na daidaituwa" kawai rubuta wannan lambar.
A cikin filin "Girman" kana buƙatar shigar da adadin abubuwa na gwaje-gwaje. Kamar yadda muka tuna da su 12. Amma don yin amfani da madaidaicin tsari kuma kada a shirya shi duk lokacin da aka gudanar da sabuwar gwajin, bari mu saita wannan darajar ba tare da lambar ƙira ba, amma tare da taimakon mai aiki Asusu. Saboda haka, saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Girman"sa'an nan kuma danna maɓallin triangle da ke tsaye a hagu na tsari.
Jerin ayyukan amfani da kwanan nan ya bayyana. Idan mai aiki Asusu amfani da ku kwanan nan, ya kamata a kan wannan jerin. A wannan yanayin, kawai kuna buƙatar danna sunansa. A maimakon haka, idan ba ku samu ba, to, ku tafi ta wurin abu "Sauran fasali ...".

Ya bayyana mana da masaniya Wizard aikin. Shiga zuwa ƙungiyar kuma "Labarin lissafi". Zaɓi akwai suna "Asusun". Mun danna kan maɓallin "Ok".

Maganin gardama na bayanin da aka sama ya bayyana. Wannan aikin yana nufin ƙididdiga yawan adadin sel a cikin kewayon da aka keɓance wanda ya ƙunshi dabi'u lambobi. Sakamakonsa kamar haka:
= COUNT (darajar1; value2; ...)
Ƙungiyar muhawara "Darajar" yana da mahimmanci ga kewayon da kake buƙatar lissafin adadin kwayoyin da aka cika da bayanan lambobi. A cikakke akwai 255 irin waɗannan muhawarar, amma a cikin yanayinmu kawai ana buƙata.
Saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Value1" kuma, riƙe da maɓallin linzamin hagu, zaɓi hanyar da ke dauke da saiti a kan takardar. Sa'an nan kuma za a nuna adireshinsa a filin. Mun danna kan maɓallin "Ok".

Bayan haka, aikace-aikace zai yi lissafi kuma nuna sakamakon a cikin tantanin halitta inda aka samo shi. A cikin yanayinmu na musamman, ƙirar ta fito fili ta kasance kamar haka:
= TRUST. NORMALI (0.03; 8; Asusun (B2: B13))
Babban sakamako na lissafi ya kasance 5,011609.

Amma ba haka ba ne. Kamar yadda muka tuna, an ƙayyade iyakar ta'aziyya ta hanyar ƙara da kuma cirewa sakamakon sakamakon lissafi daga matsakaicin samfurin TRUST.NORM. Ta wannan hanya, iyakokin hagu da hagu na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna lissafi daidai da bi. Za'a iya ƙididdige yawancin samfurin samfurin ta amfani da mai aiki GABAWA.
Ana tsara wannan afaretar don lissafin ƙimar yawan lissafi na yawan lambobi. Yana da ƙayyadaddun tsari mai sauƙi:
= BINCIKE (lamba1; number2; ...)
Magana "Lambar" zai iya zama ko maɓallin lissafi mai mahimmanci, ko mahimmanci ga ƙwayoyin ko ma duka jeri na dauke da su.
Sabili da haka, zaɓi tantanin da za'a lissafa yawan adadin kuɗi, kuma danna maballin "Saka aiki".

Yana buɗe Wizard aikin. Komawa zuwa jinsi "Labarin lissafi" kuma zaɓi daga jerin sunayen "SRZNACH". Kamar kullum, muna danna kan maballin "Ok".

Gabatarwa ta fara farawa. Saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Number1" kuma tare da maɓallin linzamin hagu na gungumen, danna dukan adadin dabi'u. Bayan bayanan da aka nuna a fagen, danna kan maɓallin "Ok".

Bayan haka GABAWA nuna sakamakon sakamakon lissafi a cikin takardar takardar.

Muna lissafin iyakokin yanki na amincewa. Don yin wannan, zaɓi tantanin tantanin halitta, sanya alamar "=" kuma ƙara abinda ke ciki na abubuwan da ke cikin takardar, wanda aka samo sakamako na lissafin ayyuka GABAWA kuma TRUST.NORM. Domin yin lissafi, danna maballin Shigar. A cikin yanayinmu, mun sami wannan tsari:
= F2 + A16
Sakamakon lissafi: 6,953276

Hakazalika, muna lissafin iyakokin hagu na amincewa da amincewa, kawai wannan lokaci daga sakamakon lissafi GABAWA cire sakamakon sakamakon lissafin mai aiki TRUST.NORM. Yana juya da maƙallin don misali na irin wannan:
= F2-A16
Sakamakon lissafi: -3,06994

Mun yi ƙoƙarin bayyana dalla-dalla cikakkun matakai don ƙididdige kwanciyar hankali, saboda haka mun bayyana kowane dabarar daki-daki. Amma dukkanin ayyuka za a iya haɗuwa a cikin wata dabara. Ƙididdigar iyakokin yanki na daidaitattun ƙidaya za a iya rubuta shi kamar:
= BAYANIN (B2: B13) + TRUST.NORM (0.03, 8; COUNT (B2: B13))

Irin wannan lissafi na gefen hagu zai yi kama da wannan:
= BABI NA BAYA (B2: B13) - TRUST. NORMALI (0.03, 8; COUNT (B2: B13))

Hanyar 2: Sakamakon TRUST FESTINENT

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Excel akwai wani aiki wanda ke hade da lissafin ƙayyadadden tabbacin - GASKIYA. Ya bayyana ne kawai farawa daga Excel 2010. Wannan afaretocin yana lissafin ƙayyadadden tabbacin yawan yawan jama'a ta amfani da rarraba ɗayan. Yana da matukar dace don amfani da shi a cikin yanayin lokacin da bambancin kuma, daidai da haka, ba a san bambanci ba. Mai amfani da haɗin aiki shine:

= TRUST TEST (alpha; standard_off; size)

Kamar yadda ka gani, sunayen masu aiki a wannan yanayin sun kasance ba su canjawa.

Bari mu ga yadda za a iya iyakance iyakokin kwanciyar hankali tare da daidaitattun daidaitattun bayanan da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar misalin irin wannan jimlar da muka ɗauka a hanyar da ta gabata. Matsayin dogara, kamar lokaci na ƙarshe, ɗauki 97%.

Zaɓi tantanin halitta wanda za'a yi lissafi. Mun danna kan maɓallin "Saka aiki".

A bude Mai sarrafa aiki je zuwa kundin "Labarin lissafi". Zaɓi sunan "DOVERT.STUUDENT". Mun danna kan maɓallin "Ok".

An kaddamar da taga na muhawarar mai gudanarwa.
A cikin filin "Alpha", la'akari da cewa matakin amincewa da kashi 97%, muna rubuta lambar 0,03. Hanya na biyu akan ka'idojin ƙididdige wannan saitin ba zai daina.
Bayan haka saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Bambanci na daidaituwa". A wannan lokaci, wannan adadi ba'a san mu ba kuma ana buƙatar lissafi. Anyi wannan ta amfani da aikin musamman - STANDOWCLON.V. Don kiran taga na wannan afaretan ɗin, danna maɓallin triangle zuwa hagu na tsari. Idan a cikin jerin budewa ba mu sami sunan da ake so ba, to, ku tafi ta wurin abu "Sauran fasali ...".

Fara Wizard aikin. Matsa zuwa category "Labarin lissafi" da kuma lura da sunan a ciki "STANDOTKLON.V". Sa'an nan kuma danna maballin. "Ok".

Maganin gardama ya buɗe. Mai gudanarwa STANDOWCLON.V shi ne tabbatar da daidaitattun daidaituwa lokacin samfur. Harshensa shine:
= STDEV.V (lambar1; number2; ...)
Ba'a da wuya a yi tsammani cewa gardama "Lambar" shine adireshin abin da zaɓaɓɓen abu. Idan an sanya samfurin a cikin tsararren guda ɗaya, to, zaku iya, ta yin amfani da wata hujja ɗaya, ba da tunani akan wannan kewayawa.
Saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Number1" kuma, kamar yadda kullum, rike maballin hagu na hagu, zaɓi saiti. Bayan bayanan da suka shafi filin, kada ku rusa don danna maballin "Ok", saboda sakamakon zai zama kuskure. Da farko muna buƙatar komawa cikin hanyar magance mai aiki GASKIYAdon yin gardama na karshe. Don yin wannan, danna sunan da ya dace a cikin tsari.

Maganar muhawarar da aka saba da aiki ta sake buɗewa. Saita siginan kwamfuta a filin "Girman". Bugu da kari, danna maɓallin triangle da ya saba da shi don zuwa ga zaɓaɓɓun masu aiki. Kamar yadda ka fahimta, muna buƙatar sunan. "Asusun". Tun da mun yi amfani da wannan aikin a lissafi a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, ba a cikin wannan jerin, don haka danna danna kawai. Idan baka samu ba, to sai kuyi aiki bisa ga algorithm da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar farko.

Kashe makamin gardama Asususanya siginan kwamfuta a filin "Number1" kuma tare da maballin linzamin kwamfuta aka kulle, zaɓi saiti. Sa'an nan kuma danna maballin. "Ok".

Bayan haka, shirin ya lissafa kuma ya nuna darajar kwanciyar hankali.

Don ƙayyade iyakokin, za mu sake buƙatar ƙididdiga yawan adadin samfurin. Amma, an ba da lissafi algorithm ta yin amfani da tsari GABAWA kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, har ma ma'anar ba ta canza ba, ba za mu zauna a kan wannan daki-daki ba na karo na biyu.

Ƙara ƙarin sakamakon lissafi GABAWA kuma GASKIYA, zamu sami iyakacin ƙimar da ta dace.

Karɓar sakamakon sakamakon lissafin mai aiki GABAWA sakamakon lissafin GASKIYA, muna da iyakar hagu na kwarin amana.

Idan an rubuta lissafi a cikin wata takarda, to, lissafi na iyakar hakki a yanayinmu zai yi kama da wannan:
= BABI NA BAYA (B2: B13) + TASKIYAR TSARO (0.03; STANDARD CLON B (B2: B13); Asusun (B2: B13))

Saboda haka, ma'anar lissafi iyakar hagu zai yi kama da wannan:
= BAYANIN (B2: B13) -DVERIT.TUDENT (0.03; STANDARD CLON B (B2: B13); Asusun (B2: B13).

Kamar yadda kake gani, kayan aikin Excel sun baka dama don ƙara sauƙaƙe ƙididdigar ƙayyadadden tabbaci da iyakokinta. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da masu aiki daban don samfurori wanda aka sani da rashin sani.