Mutane da yawa masu amfani na Excel ba su ga bambanci tsakanin manufar "tsarin salula" da "nau'in bayanai" ba. A gaskiya ma, waɗannan suna da nisa daga ra'ayoyi ɗaya, ko da yake, ba shakka, suna cikin hulɗa. Bari mu gano abin da iri-iri ɗin suka kasance, wace irin nau'ukan da suke rarraba zuwa, da kuma yadda za ku iya aiki tare da su.
Nau'in bayanin bayanai
Nau'in bayanai shine halayyar bayanin da aka adana a kan takardar. Bisa ga wannan halayyar, shirin yana ƙayyade yadda za'a aiwatar da darajar.
Ana rarraba nau'ukan bayanai zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu: maƙarufi da ƙira. Bambanci tsakanin su biyu shi ne cewa dabarar suna nuna darajar a cikin tantanin halitta, wanda zai iya bambanta dangane da yadda gardama a wasu kwayoyin canzawa. Abun tabbatattun dabi'u ne waɗanda bazai canza ba.
Hakanan kuma, maƙasudin sun kasu kashi biyar:
- Rubutu;
- Bayanan lambobi;
- Kwanan wata da lokaci;
- Bayanai mai mahimmanci;
- Matsanancin dabi'u.
Nemo abin da kowannen waɗannan jinsunan suna wakiltar karin bayani.
Darasi: Yadda za a canza tsarin salula a Excel
Matsayin rubutu
Nau'in rubutun ya ƙunshi bayanan haruffan kuma ba a ɗauke da Excel a matsayin abu na lissafin lissafi ba. Wannan bayanin shine na farko ga mai amfani, ba don shirin ba. Rubutun zai iya zama duk wani haruffa, ciki har da lambobi, idan an tsara su sosai. A cikin DAX, irin wannan bayanai yana nufin dabi'u mai launi. Matsayin matsakaicin iyakar rubutu shine 268435456 haruffa a cikin tantanin daya.
Don shigar da bayanin halayen, zaɓi tantanin salula na rubutu ko tsari na gaba da za'a adana shi, kuma rubuta rubutu daga keyboard. Idan tsawon kalman rubutu ya wuce iyakar tantancewar tantanin halitta, sa'an nan kuma an nuna shi akan wadanda suke kusa da su, ko da yake an adana shi a cikin tantanin halitta.
Bayanan lambobi
Don ƙididdiga ta hanyar amfani da bayanan lambobi. Yana tare da su cewa Excel na gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban na ilmin lissafi (ƙari, haɓaka, ƙaddamarwa, rarraba, ƙaddamarwa, cirewa daga tushen, da sauransu). Wannan nau'in bayanai yana nufin kawai don rubuta rubutun, amma kuma yana iya ƙunsar harufa masu mahimmanci (%, $, da dai sauransu). Dangane da shi zaka iya amfani da nau'i nau'i daban-daban:
- Aiki na ainihi;
- Rabin sha'awa;
- Kudi;
- Kasuwanci;
- Girma;
- Musamman.
Bugu da ƙari, Excel yana da ikon raba lambobi cikin lambobi, kuma ƙayyade adadin lambobi bayan ƙaddarar ƙira (a cikin ƙananan lambobi).
An shigar da bayanan lambobi a cikin hanya guda kamar yadda muka yi magana game da sama.
Kwanan wata da lokaci
Wani irin bayanai shine lokacin da kwanan wata. Wannan shi ne ainihin yanayin lokacin da nau'ukan bayanai da tsarin su iri ɗaya ne. An bayyana shi akan gaskiyar cewa za'a iya amfani dasu don nunawa a takarda kuma aiwatar da lissafi tare da kwanakin da lokuta. Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin da aka lissafa irin wannan bayanan yana ɗaukan rana ta kowane sashi. Kuma wannan ba damuwa ba kawai kwanakin, amma har lokaci. Alal misali, wannan shirin yana dauke da shirin na 12:30 zuwa kwanaki 0.52083, sannan kawai aka nuna a cikin tantanin halitta a cikin hanyar da aka sani da mai amfani.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na tsara lokaci:
- h: mm: ss;
- h: mm;
- h: mm: ss AM / PM;
- h: mm AM / PM, da dai sauransu.
Yanayin yana daidai da kwanakin:
- DD.MM.YYYY;
- DD.MMM
- MMM.GG da sauransu.
Har ila yau akwai lokuttan kwanan wata da lokaci, misali, DD: MM: YYYY h: mm.
Kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa shirin ya nuna azaman kwanakin kawai dabi'u tun daga 01/01/1900.
Darasi: Yadda za a sauya hours a cikin minti zuwa Excel
Bayanai mai mahimmanci
Abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa shi ne irin bayanan da ya dace. Yana aiki tare da dabi'u guda biyu kawai: "Gaskiya" kuma "FALSE". Idan ka ƙara, wannan yana nufin "taron ya zo" kuma "biki bai faru ba." Ayyuka, sarrafa abun ciki na kwayoyin da ke dauke da bayanan ilimin lissafi, sanya wasu lissafi.
Matsanancin dabi'u
Nau'in bayanan raba shi ne dabi'u mara kyau. A mafi yawan lokuta, suna bayyana lokacin da aka yi aiki mara kyau. Alal misali, irin waɗannan ayyuka mara daidai sun haɗa da rabuwa ta hanyar zero ko gabatarwa da aiki ba tare da biyo baya ba. Daga cikin batutuwan kuskuren suna da wadannan:
- #VALUE! - yin amfani da irin nauyin gardama don aikin;
- # DEL / O! - kashi by 0;
- # NUMBER! - bayanai ba tare da izini ba;
- # N / A - Babu darajar da aka shigar;
- # NAME? - sunan erroneous a cikin tsari;
- # NULL! - gabatarwar adireshin da ba daidai ba;
- # LINK! - yana faruwa a yayin da aka kawar da kwayoyin jikinsu da abin da aka ambata a baya.
Formulas
Ƙungiya mai yawa na nau'in bayanai sune siffofin. Ba kamar sauran mawuyacin hali, su, mafi yawancin lokuta, ba a bayyane a cikin kwayoyin su, amma kawai samar da sakamako, wanda zai iya bambanta, dangane da canji na muhawarar. Musamman ma, ana amfani da wadannan matakan don lissafin lissafi. Dabarar da kanta za a iya ganinsa a cikin ma'auni, ya nuna maɓallin tantanin halitta wanda yake dauke da ita.
Bukatar da ake bukata don shirin don fahimtar kalma a matsayin maƙirarin shine gaban alamar a gaba (=).
Formulas na iya ƙunshe da nassoshi zuwa wasu kwayoyin, amma wannan ba abinda ake bukata ba.
Sakamatattun takamaiman ayyuka ne. Waɗannan su ne lokuta masu mahimmanci da ke dauke da kafaffun muhawara kuma aiwatar da su bisa ga wani algorithm. Za'a iya shigar da ayyuka tare da hannu zuwa cikin tantanin halitta ta hanyar shigar da shi tare da "="ko zaka iya amfani da harsashi na musamman don wannan dalili. Wizard aikin, wanda ya ƙunshi dukan jerin masu aiki a cikin shirin, ya kasu kashi.
Tare da taimakon Ma'aikata masu aiki Zaka iya sa maye gurbin zuwa maƙallin bayani na wani mai aiki na musamman. Bayanan bayanai ko haɗi zuwa cikin sel wanda aka shigar da wannan bayanan a cikin filayensa. Bayan danna maballin "Ok" an yi aiki na musamman.
Darasi: Aiki tare da samfurori a Excel
Darasi: Wizard Function Wizard
Kamar yadda ka gani, a cikin Excel akwai manyan rukuni iri guda biyu: mahimmanci da ƙididdiga. Su, a biyun, suna rarraba zuwa wasu jinsuna. Kowane nau'in bayanai yana da nasarorinsa, bisa ga abin da shirin ke tafiyar da su. Gudanar da ƙwarewar ganewa da kuma aiki daidai da nau'o'in bayanai shine aikin farko na kowane mai amfani da yake so ya koyi yadda ake amfani da Excel yadda ya kamata.
