Wasu lokuta, karanta bayanai, kunna kiɗa da fina-finai daga ƙirar wuta ko ƙwaƙwalwar fitarwa a kan dukkan na'urori, kamar kwamfutar, gidan DVD ko TV, Xbox ko PS3, da kuma a cikin motar mota na iya haifar da wasu matsalolin. A nan za mu tattauna game da tsarin fayil mafi kyau don amfani don a iya karanta kundin flash a kowane wuri kuma a ko'ina a karanta ba tare da matsaloli ba.
Duba kuma: yadda ake sauyawa daga FAT32 zuwa NTFS ba tare da tsara ba
Mene ne tsarin fayil kuma abin da matsaloli za a iya hade da shi
Tsarin fayil shine hanyar da za a tsara bayanai a kan kafofin watsa labarai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kowane tsarin aiki yana amfani da tsarin kansa, amma zai iya amfani da dama. Tunda la'akari da cewa kawai bayanan binaryan za'a iya rubutawa zuwa rikice-rikice masu wuya, tsarin fayil shine wani ɓangaren hanyar da ke bada fassarar daga rubutun na jiki zuwa fayilolin da OS zai iya karantawa. Saboda haka, lokacin tsara tsarin kaya a wani hanya kuma tare da wani tsarin fayil, za ka yanke shawarar abin da na'urori (tun da gidan rediyo naka yana da OS mai mahimmanci) zai iya fahimtar abin da aka rubuta a kan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, kaya ko sauran drive.
Da yawa na'urorin da fayiloli
Baya ga sanannun FAT32 da NTFS, kazalika da wasu ƙananan sababbin masu amfani da HFS +, EXT da sauran fayilolin tsarin, akwai wasu fayiloli daban-daban wadanda aka kirkiro don na'urori daban-daban na wani dalili. A yau, lokacin da yawancin mutane suna da na'urorin kwamfuta fiye da ɗaya da wasu na'urorin dijital a gida waɗanda za su iya amfani da Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android, da sauran tsarin aiki, tambayar yadda za a tsara ƙirar USB ko wasu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don haka karanta a cikin waɗannan na'urori, yana da matukar dacewa. Kuma tare da wannan, matsaloli sun tashi.
Hadaddiyar
A halin yanzu, akwai tsarin fayiloli guda biyu mafi yawan (ga Rasha) - wannan NTFS ne (Windows), FAT32 (tsohon Windows misali). Ana iya amfani da tsarin tsarin Mac OS da Linux.
Zai zama abin mahimmanci don ɗauka cewa tsarin zamani na aiki zai aiki tare da fayilolin fayiloli ta hanyar tsoho, amma a mafi yawancin lokuta ba wannan batu ba. Mac OS X ba zai iya rubuta bayanai zuwa fayilolin da aka tsara tare da NTFS ba. Windows 7 ba ta san HFS da EXT kora ba ko dai sun ƙi su ko rahotanni cewa ba'a tsara shi ba.
Yawancin labaran Linux, irin su Ubuntu, suna goyon bayan mafi yawan fayilolin fayiloli ta hanyar tsoho. Yin kwance daga wannan tsarin zuwa wani abu ne na al'ada don Linux. Yawancin rabawa suna tallafa wa HFS + da NTFS daga cikin akwatin, ko kuma goyon bayan su an shigar da su guda ɗaya.
Bugu da kari, consoles na wasanni, irin su Xbox 360 ko Playstation 3, ba kawai iyakancewa zuwa wasu fayilolin fayiloli, kuma za a iya karanta bayanai daga kebul na USB kawai. Don ganin wane tsarin tsarin da na'urori suna goyan baya, duba wannan tebur.
| Windows xp | Windows 7 / Vista | Mac os damisa | Mac OS Lion / Snow Leopard | Ubuntu Linux | Playstation 3 | Xbox 360 | |
| NTFS (Windows) | Ee | Ee | Karanta kawai | Karanta kawai | Ee | A'a | A'a |
| FAT32 (DOS, Windows) | Ee | Ee | Ee | Ee | Ee | Ee | Ee |
| ExFAT (Windows) | Ee | Ee | A'a | Ee | Ee, tare da kunshin ExFat | A'a | A'a |
| HFS + (Mac OS) | A'a | A'a | Ee | Ee | Ee | A'a | Ee |
| EXT2, 3 (Linux) | A'a | A'a | A'a | A'a | Ee | A'a | Ee |
Ya kamata a lura cewa Tables suna nuna damar OS na aiki tare da tsarin fayil ta hanyar tsoho. A cikin duka Mac OS da Windows, za ka iya sauke wasu software wanda zai ba ka izinin yin aiki tare da takardun da ba a san su ba.
FAT32 yana da tsari mai tsawo kuma, godiya ga wannan, kusan duk na'urori da tsarin sarrafawa suna goyan bayan shi sosai. Sabili da haka, idan kun tsara kullun USB na FAT32, an kusan tabbatar da shi a ko'ina. Duk da haka, akwai matsala mai mahimmanci tare da wannan tsari: iyakance girman girman fayiloli guda ɗaya da raguwa daban. Idan kana buƙatar adanawa, rubuta da karanta manyan fayiloli, FAT32 bazai dace ba. Yanzu game da girman iyaka.
Yanayin Tsarin Mulki na Fayil
An kafa tsarin fayil na FAT32 a cikin lokaci mai tsawo kuma yana dogara ne da tsoffin fasali na FAT, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin DOS OS. Babu wasu matsaloli tare da kundin yau a wancan lokacin, sabili da haka babu wasu abubuwan da ake bukata don tallafawa fayiloli fiye da 4GB a cikin girman ta tsarin fayil. A yau, masu amfani da yawa suna fuskantar matsaloli saboda wannan. A ƙasa za ku iya ganin kwatancin tsarin fayiloli ta hanyar girman fayilolin talla da ɓangarori.
| Girman girman fayil | Sashe na daya sashe | |
| NTFS | Ya fi girma fiye da kayan aiki na yanzu | Babban (16EB) |
| FAT32 | Kasa da 4 GB | Kasa da 8 Tarin fuka |
| exFAT | fiye da ƙafafun sayarwa | Babban (64 ZB) |
| HFS + | Fiye da ka iya saya | Babban (8 EB) |
| EXT2, 3 | 16 GB | Babban (32 Tarin fuka) |
Fayil din fayiloli na zamani sun kara girman iyakar fayil zuwa iyakokin da suke da wuyar tunanin (duba abin da zai faru a shekaru 20).
Kowane sabon tsarin yana amfani da FAT32 dangane da girman fayilolin mutum da rabuwa na raba. Saboda haka, shekarun FAT32 yana shafar yiwuwar amfani da shi don dalilai daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin bayani shine amfani da tsarin tsarin exFAT, wanda goyon bayansa ya bayyana a yawancin tsarin aiki. Amma, duk da haka, don kullun USB na yau da kullum, idan ba ta adana fayiloli ba fiye da 4 GB, FAT32 za ta kasance mafi kyau, kuma za a karanta ƙararradi ta kusan ko'ina.
